Grindelia: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this genus. 

	plants NOT annuals
	plants NOT with a woody caudex
	plants NOT heavily scented
	plants NOT glandular-hairy
	juice watery; NOT [juice milky]
	plants with leafy stems; NOT [plants more or less scapose, cauline leaves none, or few and reduced to bracts]
	leaves alternate; NOT [leaves opposite, at least below]
	leaves NOT linear
	flowers heads more than 6 mm across
	involucral bracts in one or more series, all more or less the same; NOT [involucral bracts of 2 distinct, dissimilar series]
	involucre NOT glandular-glutinous (BF)
	involucre resinous (sticky and gummy) (BF)
	receptacle naked; NOT [receptacle chaffy or bristly]
	flower heads with both tubular and ray florets
	rays florets conspicuous; NOT [ray florets 1-6, inconspicuous]
	ray florets pistillate or neuter; NOT [ray florets perfect]
	rays erect or spreading; NOT [rays deflexed]
	rays more or less entire; NOT [rays distinctly 3-lobed]
	rays yellow
	stamens united to form a tube around the pistil
	pappus of 2-several, firm, caducous awns; NOT [pappus composed of hairs]