Hesperis: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this genus. 

	plants 5-15 dm tall
	leaves spreading
	leaves 5-20 cm long
	leaves lanceolate
	leaves not auriculate and clasping
	leaves entire to more or less deeply toothed; NOT [leaves deeply lobed to dissected] (BF)
	leaves more or less entire; NOT [leaves deeply serrate to pinnate] (FOA)
	flowers 20-25 mm across; NOT [flowers much smaller]
	flowers pink or purple; NOT [flowers white or tinged with pink], NOT [petals yellow]
	pods 4-10 cm long
	pods usually at least 4 times as long as wide; NOT [pods usually not more than 3 times as long as wide]
	pods not compressed at right angles to the central partition
	pods scarcely beaked; NOT [pods with a long, distinct beak]
	pods slightly torulose

Cruciferae: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora leading to this family. 

	herbs; NOT [shrubs or trees]
	plants terrestrial or semiaquatic; NOT [plants aquatic, leaves submerged or floating]
	plants not with colored milky juice
	plants with more than one normal leaf
	some or all leaves alternate; NOT [leaves opposite, whorled, or basal]
	leaves without stipules, or having glands; NOT [leaves with stipules]
	flowers with two floral rings
	calyx regular; NOT [calyx irregular, some sepals smaller than others]
	sepals 4
	corolla regular in shape NOT [corolla irregular in shape]
	each petal distinct from the others
	petals 4; NOT [petals 5]
	stamens usually 6, four long and two short; NOT [stamens 6, of equal length], NOT [stamens usually more than 10]
	carpels 1 or 2; NOT [carpels 3-5]
	ovary superior; NOT [ovary inferior]