  | 
         Stigmas 3;
        achenes three-sided, occasionally terete, though their shape may be
        concealed by flattened perigynia.  NOT [stigmas 2; achenes
        lenticular]  | 
        | 
         Spikes 2
        or more per culm, terminal and lateral; spike bracts present on lateral
        spikes (except in Section Phyllostachyae), lowest bract usually evident,
        often conspicuous.  NOT [Spikes 1 per culm, terminal; spike bracts
        absent].  | 
        | 
         Lower
        pistillate scales not bract-like or leaf-like but similar in size and
        shape to individual perigynia (up to twice as long as perigynia in C.
        magellanica ssp. irrigua).  NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling
        green, leaf-like bracts much longer and wider than individual perigynia]  | 
        | 
         Perigynia
        glabrous. NOT [Perigynia sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent (in
        C. pedunculata pubescence represented by very short hairs scattered near
        tip; in some species of Sect. Acrocystis, perigynia may be glabrous or
        virtually hairless, but all members of this group have convexly 3-sided
        to terete achenes with tight-fitting perigynia and a stipe-like base
        about equal to beak in length)]  | 
        | 
         Beak
        absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long, then
        terminating in an orifice without teeth. NOT [Beak over 0.5 mm long and
        usually visibly bidentate (teeth hyaline in C. sprengelii, inconspicuous
        in C. viridula, very short in C. oligosperma).]  | 
        | 
         Leaves and
        sheaths glabrous; plants cespitose or rhizomatous. NOT [Leaves and
        sheaths pubescent; plants cespitose]  | 
        | 
         Lowest
        spike bracts sheathless or with sheaths 1-2 mm long (to 3 or 4 mm long
        in Section Limosae).  NOT [Lowest spike bract sheath at least (2.5)
        3 mm long]  | 
        | Plants cespitose or
        rhizomatous, usually taller than 2 dm (to 8 dm); terminal spike if
        staminate then wider than 2 mm or longer than 1 cm, or pistillate spikes
        long-stalked; leaves 1-6 mm wide; plants of boreal forest and grassland
        habitats. NOT [Plants densely tufted and low, usually less than 2 dm
        tall; terminal spike staminate (occasionally with a few pistillate
        flowers at base in C. glacialis), 1-2 mm wide and seldom over 1
        cm long; pistillate spikes sessile or slightly stalked; leaves 0.4-1.5
        mm wide; plants of rocky and/or sandy habitats in far north.] | 
        | Lateral spikes on
        filiform stalks 0.5 cm long or longer, often nodding.  NOT [Lateral
        spikes sessile or erect on short stalks.] | 
        | Terminal spike almost
        always staminate (occasionally gynecandrous in C. magellanica ssp.
        irrigua), distinctly narrower than lateral pistillate spikes; beak
        absent or less than 0.5 mm long, merely a hole or short tube or cone
        with no teeth; roots with a felt-like covering of yellowish pubescence. 
        NOT [Terminal spike gynecandrous, not distinctly different in appearance
        from lateral pistillate spikes except for a V-shaped base consisting of
        staminate flowers; beak 0.4-0.5 mm long, bidenticulate; roots lacking
        felt-like covering of yellowish pubescence. | 
        | Pistillate scales 2-2.5
        (3.4) mm wide, wider and about same length as perigynia, occasionally
        mucronate with a point less than 1.5 mm long. NOT [Pistillate scales
        1.2-2 mm wide, narrower and longer than perigynia (at least those at
        base of spike), either long-tapering or with awns 1.5-3 mm long.] |