|  | Stigmas 3; achenes three-sided,
        occasionally terete, though their shape may be concealed by flattened
        perigynia.  NOT [Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular.] | 
      |  | Spikes 2 or more per culm, terminal and
        lateral; spike bracts present on lateral spikes (except in Section
        Phyllostachyae), lowest bract usually evident, often conspicuous. 
        NOT [Spikes 1 per culm, terminal; spike bracts absent.] | 
      |  | Lower pistillate scales not bract-like or
        leaf-like but similar in size and shape to individual perigynia (up to
        twice as long as perigynia in C. magellanica ssp. irrigua). 
        NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling green, leaf-like bracts much
        longer and wider than individual perigynia.] | 
      |  | Perigynia glabrous (i.e. lacking
        pubescence). NOT [Perigynia sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent
        (in C. pedunculata pubescence represented by very short hairs
        scattered near tip; in some species of Sect. Acrocystis,
        perigynia may be glabrous or virtually hairless, but all members of this
        group have convexly 3-sided to terete achenes with tight fitting
        perigynia and a stipe-like base about equal to beak in length).] | 
      |  | Beak over 0.5 mm long and usually visibly
        bidentate (teeth hyaline in C. sprengelii, inconspicuous in C.
        viridula, very short in C. oligosperma).  NOT [Beak
        absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long, then
        terminating in an orifice without teeth.] | 
      |  | Style continuous with achene and
        persisting at maturity as a long, curved or straight prong. NOT [Style
        jointed at base and deciduous from achene, if present at maturity,
        breaks of readily when manipulated.] | 
      |  | Perigynia shorter and usually wider,
        usually at most only 4 times longer than wide; staminate spikes much
        longer than individual perigynia; mostly common species. NOT [Perigynia
        long and narrow, (8.7) 10-12.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, about 6 times
        longer than wide with long tapering tip; staminate spike about same
        size, or smaller than, perigynia adjacent to it; rare northern species.] | 
      |  | Perigynia 20-200 per spike; leaves wider,
        not wiry; pistillate spikes 2-6, mostly separate to overlapping. NOT
        [Perigynia 5-15 per spike; leaves 0.5-2.5 mm wide, involute, wiry;
        pistillate spikes few (1-2), remote (or upper overlapping with staminate
        spike).] | 
      |  | Lower pistillate spikes short-stalked or
        sessile, erect to ascending; lower part of pistillate scales more
        substantial, usually wider than 1 mm with awn shorter than lower part
        although those at base of spike can be narrower and long awned. NOT
        [Pistillate spikes on filiform stalks, erect or often nodding; lower
        part of pistillate scales throughout spike not much more than hyaline
        wings along bottom of long awn and no wider than 1 mm.] | 
      |  | Style base contorted in an S shape;
        perigynia 6-15 nerved; ventral strip membranous, not disintegrating into
        laddered fibers with age.  NOT [Style base straight or somewhat
        bent; perigynia 12-26 nerved; ventral strip disintegrating into laddered
        fibers with age.] | 
      |  | Lower spike bract less than 2.5 times as
        long as entire inflorescence; perigynia ascending to spreading at
        maturity; staminate spikes usually 2 or more, extending well beyond
        separate-to-overlapping pistillate spikes.  NOT [Lowest spike bract
        more than 2.5 times longer than entire inflorescence; perigynia
        spreading to reflexed at maturity; staminate spikes usually 1, extending
        only several cm beyond overlapping pistillate spikes clustered at culm
        tip.] | 
      |  | Leaves 4.5-12 (15) mm wide, flat or
        folded, lacking papillae on adaxial (facing culm) surface; culms
        scabrous immediately below inflorescence.  NOT [Leaves 1.5-4.5
        (7.5) mm wide, usually rolled inward, whitish green on adaxial (facing
        culm) surface due to a dense covering of minute papillae; culms smooth
        immediately below inflorescence.] |