Nuttallii:  Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this species.   perennials rootstocks NOT tuber-bearing stem glabrous or somewhat scabrous below the inflorescence, sometimes glaucous; NOT conspicuously pubescent below the inflorescence with short white hairs leaves mostly opposite; NOT alternate leaf blades generally lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; NOT ovate; NOT somewhat rhombic leaves NOT folded lengthwise leaves rough above but somewhat hairy beneath; NOT rough on both sides involucre bracts narrow, mostly with loose acuminate tips; NOT broad, NOT firm, NOT appressed involucre bracts usually scabrous and conspicuously hairy on the margins; NOT covered with short white hairs, sometimes ciliate towards the base receptacle convex or low-conical; NOT flat  or nearly so disk of flower heads yellow or light brown; NOT purple, NOT red, NOT dark brown

 

Helianthus: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this genus.  perennial plants NOT with a woody caudex juice watery; NOT milky plants NOT heavy scented plants more or less leafy-stemmed (although leaves may be confined to the lower part of the stem); NOT scapose or scapiform; NOT with cauline leaves none; NOT with cauline leaves few and reduced to mere bracts leaves NOT compound at least the lower leaves opposite; leaves NOT all alternate involucre NOT glandular-glutinous involucre bracts in one or more series, but all of the same nature; NOT in 2 distinct, dissimilar series receptacle flat or convex; NOT conic, NOT cylindrical; NOT columnar; NOT tall receptacle with chaffy scales between the florets; NOT merely bristly; NOT naked flower heads with both tubular and ray florets ligulate (ray) flowers either pistillate or neutral rays conspicuous; NOT inconspicuous ray florets yellow stamens united to form a tube around the pistil pappus of small scales or awns, soon falling off; NOT composed of hairs; NOT absent; NOT present merely as a short crown pappus awns NOT barbed