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Stigmas 3;
achenes three-sided, occasionally terete, though their shape may be
concealed by flattened perigynia. NOT [Stigmas 2; achenes
lenticular.] |
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Spikes 2
or more per culm, terminal and lateral; spike bracts present on lateral
spikes (except in Section Phyllostachyae), lowest bract usually evident,
often conspicuous. NOT [Spikes 1 per culm, terminal; spike bracts
absent.] |
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Lower
pistillate scales not bract-like or leaf-like but similar in size and
shape to individual perigynia (up to twice as long as perigynia in C.
magellanica ssp. irrigua). NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling
green, leaf-like bracts much longer and wider than individual
perigynia.] |
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Perigynia
glabrous (i.e. lacking pubescence). NOT [Perigynia sparsely to densely
pubescent or puberulent (in C. pedunculata pubescence represented by
very short hairs scattered near tip; in some species of Sect.
Acrocystis, perigynia may be glabrous or virtually hairless, but all
members of this group have convexly 3-sided to terete achenes with tight
fitting perigynia and a stipe-like base about equal to beak in length).] |
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Beak over
0.5 mm long and usually visibly bidentate (teeth hyaline in C.
sprengelii, inconspicuous in C. viridula, very short in C. oligosperma).
NOT [Beak absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long,
then terminating in an orifice without teeth.] |
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Style
continuous with achene and persisting at maturity as a long, curved or
straight prong. NOT [Style jointed at base and deciduous from achene, if
present at maturity, breaks of readily when manipulated.] |
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Perigynia
shorter and usually wider, usually at most only 4 times longer than
wide; staminate spikes much longer than individual perigynia; mostly
common species. NOT [Perigynia long and narrow, (8.7) 10-12.5 mm long,
1.5-2 mm wide, about 6 times longer than wide with long tapering tip;
staminate spike about same size, or smaller than, perigynia adjacent to
it; rare northern species.] |
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Perigynia
20-200 per spike; leaves wider, not wiry; pistillate spikes 2-6, most
separate to overlapping. NOT [Perigynia 5-15 per spike; leaves 0.5-2.5
mm wide, involute, wiry; pistillate spikes few (1-2), remote (or upper
overlapping with staminate spike).] |
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Lower
pistillate spikes short-stalked or sessile, erect to ascending; lower
part of pistillate scales more substantial, usually wider than 1 mm with
awn shorter than lower part although those at base of spike can be
narrower and long awned. NOT [Pistillate spikes on filiform stalks,
erect or often nodding; lower part of pistillate scales throughout spike
not much more than hyaline wings along bottom of long awn and no wider
than 1 mm.] |
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Style base
straight or somewhat bent; perigynia 12-26 nerved; ventral strip
disintegrating into laddered fibers with age. NOT [Style base
contorted in an S shape; perigynia 6-15 nerved; ventral strip
membranous, not disintegrating into laddered fibers with age.] |
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Beak 2-3
(4) mm long; leaves 2-8 (10) mm wide; teeth 0.8-3 mm long, straight,
spreading or outwardly-curved. Section Carex (C. atherodes, C.
laeviconica). NOT [Beak 0.5-1.6 mm long; leaves 5-10 (21) mm wide;
teeth to 0.7 (0.9 fna) mm long, straight.] |
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Sheaths
and undersides of leaves pubescent with long hairs; teeth of beak (1.2)
2-3 mm long, spreading to outwardly curved. NOT [Sheaths and
leaves glabrous; teeth of beak 0.8-1.5 mm long (rarely to 2.3 mm),
straight to slightly spreading.]
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