|
Stigmas 3;
achenes three-sided, occasionally terete, though their shape may be
concealed by flattened perigynia. NOT [stigmas 2; achenes
lenticular] |
|
Spikes 2
or more per culm, terminal and lateral; spike bracts present on lateral
spikes (except in Section Phyllostachyae), lowest bract usually evident,
often conspicuous. NOT [Spikes 1 per culm, terminal; spike bracts
absent]. |
|
Lower
pistillate scales not bract-like or leaf-like but similar in size and
shape to individual perigynia (up to twice as long as perigynia in C.
magellanica ssp. irrigua). NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling
green, leaf-like bracts much longer and wider than individual perigynia] |
|
Perigynia
glabrous. NOT [Perigynia sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent (in
C. pedunculata pubescence represented by very short hairs scattered near
tip; in some species of Sect. Acrocystis, perigynia may be glabrous or
virtually hairless, but all members of this group have convexly 3-sided
to terete achenes with tight-fitting perigynia and a stipe-like base
about equal to beak in length)] |
|
Beak
absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long, then
terminating in an orifice without teeth. NOT [Beak over 0.5 mm long and
usually visibly bidentate (teeth hyaline in C. sprengelii, inconspicuous
in C. viridula, very short in C. oligosperma).] |
|
Leaves and
sheaths glabrous; plants cespitose or rhizomatous. NOT [Leaves and
sheaths pubescent; plants cespitose] |
|
Lowest
spike bracts sheathless or with sheaths 1-2 mm long (to 3 or 4 mm long
in Section Limosae). NOT [Lowest spike bract sheath at least (2.5)
3 mm long] |
| Plants cespitose or
rhizomatous, usually taller than 2 dm (to 8 dm); terminal spike if
staminate then wider than 2 mm or longer than 1 cm, or pistillate spikes
long-stalked; leaves 1-6 mm wide; plants of boreal forest and grassland
habitats. NOT [Plants densely tufted and low, usually less than 2 dm
tall; terminal spike staminate (occasionally with a few pistillate
flowers at base in C. glacialis), 1-2 mm wide and seldom over 1
cm long; pistillate spikes sessile or slightly stalked; leaves 0.4-1.5
mm wide; plants of rocky and/or sandy habitats in far north.] |
| Lateral spikes on
filiform stalks 0.5 cm long or longer, often nodding. NOT [Lateral
spikes sessile or erect on short stalks.] |
| Terminal spike almost
always staminate (occasionally gynecandrous in C. magellanica ssp.
irrigua), distinctly narrower than lateral pistillate spikes; beak
absent or less than 0.5 mm long, merely a hole or short tube or cone
with no teeth; roots with a felt-like covering of yellowish pubescence.
NOT [Terminal spike gynecandrous, not distinctly different in appearance
from lateral pistillate spikes except for a V-shaped base consisting of
staminate flowers; beak 0.4-0.5 mm long, bidenticulate; roots lacking
felt-like covering of yellowish pubescence. |
| Pistillate scales 2-2.5
(3.4) mm wide, wider and about same length as perigynia, occasionally
mucronate with a point less than 1.5 mm long. NOT [Pistillate scales
1.2-2 mm wide, narrower and longer than perigynia (at least those at
base of spike), either long-tapering or with awns 1.5-3 mm long.] |