  | 
         Stigmas 3; achenes three-sided,
        occasionally terete, though their shape may be concealed by flattened
        perigynia.  NOT [stigmas 2; achenes lenticular]  | 
        | 
         Spikes 2 or more per culm, terminal and
        lateral; spike bracts present on lateral spikes (except in Section Phyllostachyae),
        lowest bract usually evident, often conspicuous.  NOT [Spikes 1 per
        culm, terminal; spike bracts absent].  | 
        | 
         Lower pistillate scales not bract-like or
        leaf-like but similar in size and shape to individual perigynia (up to
        twice as long as perigynia in C. magellanica ssp. irrigua). 
        NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling green, leaf-like bracts much
        longer and wider than individual perigynia]  | 
        | 
         Perigynia glabrous. NOT [Perigynia
        sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent (in C. pedunculata
        pubescence represented by very short hairs scattered near tip; in some
        species of Sect. Acrocystis, perigynia may be glabrous or
        virtually hairless, but all members of this group have convexly 3-sided
        to terete achenes with tight fitting perigynia and a stipe-like base
        about equal to beak in length)]  | 
        | 
         Beak absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if
        more than 0.5 mm long, then terminating in an orifice without teeth. NOT
        [Beak over 0.5 mm long and usually visibly bidentate (teeth hyaline in C.
        sprengelii, inconspicuous in C. viridula, very short in C.
        oligosperma).]  | 
        | 
         Leaves and sheaths glabrous; plants
        cespitose or rhizomatous. NOT [Leaves and sheaths pubescent; plants
        cespitose]  | 
        | 
         Lowest spike bracts sheathless or with
        sheaths 1-2 mm long (to 3 or 4 mm long in Section Limosae). 
        NOT [Lowest spike bract sheath at least (2.5) 3 mm long]  | 
        | 
         Plants cespitose or rhizomatous, usually
        taller than 2 dm (to 8 dm); terminal spike if staminate then wider than
        2 mm or longer than 1 cm, or pistillate spikes long-stalked; leaves 1-6
        mm wide; plants of boreal forest and grassland habitats. NOT [Plants
        densely tufted and low, usually less than 2 dm tall; terminal spike
        staminate (occasionally with a few pistillate flowers at base in C.
        glacialis), 1-2 mm wide and seldom over 1 cm long; pistillate spikes
        sessile or slightly stalked; leaves 0.4-1.5 mm wide; plants of rocky
        and/or sandy habitats in far north.]  | 
        | 
         Lateral spikes on filiform stalks 0.5 cm
        long or longer, often nodding.  NOT [Lateral spikes sessile or
        erect on short stalks.]  | 
        | 
         Terminal spike almost always staminate
        (occasionally gynecandrous in C. magellanica ssp. irrigua),
        distinctly narrower than lateral pistillate spikes; beak absent or less
        than 0.5 mm long, merely a hole or short tube or cone with no teeth;
        roots with a felt-like covering of yellowish pubescence.  NOT
        [Terminal spike gynecandrous, not distinctly different in appearance
        from lateral pistillate spikes except for a V-shaped base consisting of
        staminate flowers; beak 0.4-0.5 mm long, bidenticulate; roots lacking
        felt-like covering of yellowish pubescence.  | 
        | 
         Pistillate scales 1.2-2 mm wide, narrower
        and longer than perigynia (at least those at base of spike), either
        long-tapering or with awns 1.5-3 mm long; NOT [Pistillate scales 2-2.5
        (3.4) mm wide, wider and about same length as perigynia, occasionally
        mucronate with a point less than 1.5 mm long.]  |