  | 
         Stigmas 3; achenes three-sided,
        occasionally terete, though their shape may be concealed by flattened
        perigynia.  NOT [stigmas 2; achenes lenticular]  | 
        | 
         Spikes 2 or more per culm, terminal and
        lateral; spike bracts present on lateral spikes (except in Section Phyllostachyae),
        lowest bract usually evident, often conspicuous.  NOT [Spikes 1 per
        culm, terminal; spike bracts absent].  | 
        | 
         Lower pistillate scales not bract-like or
        leaf-like but similar in size and shape to individual perigynia (up to
        twice as long as perigynia in C. magellanica ssp. irrigua). 
        NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling green, leaf-like bracts much
        longer and wider than individual perigynia]  | 
        | 
         Perigynia glabrous. NOT [Perigynia
        sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent (in C. pedunculata
        pubescence represented by very short hairs scattered near tip; in some
        species of Section Acrocystis, perigynia may be glabrous or
        virtually hairless, but all members of this group have convexly 3-sided
        to terete achenes with tight fitting perigynia and a stipe-like base
        about equal to beak in length)]  | 
        | 
         Beak over 0.5 mm long and usually visibly
        bidentate (teeth hyaline in C. sprengelii, inconspicuous in C.
        viridula, very short in C. oligosperma).  NOT [Beak
        absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long, then
        terminating in an orifice without teeth]  | 
        | 
         Style jointed at base and deciduous from
        achene, if present at maturity, breaks of readily when manipulated. NOT
        [Style continuous with achene and persisting at maturity as a long,
        curved or straight prong]  | 
        | 
         Lower pistillate spikes with filiform
        stalks 2-7+ cm long; basal sheaths shredding to a mass of brown fibers
        persisting on crown. NOT [All pistillate spikes sessile or nearly so;
        base of plant lacking brown fibers.  Section Ceratocystis (C.
        cryptolepis, C. viridula)]  |