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Stigmas 3; achenes three-sided,
occasionally terete, though their shape may be concealed by flattened
perigynia. NOT [Stigmas 2; achenes lenticular.] |
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Spikes 2 or more per culm, terminal and
lateral; spike bracts present on lateral spikes (except in Section
Phyllostachyae), lowest bract usually evident, often conspicuous.
NOT [Spikes 1 per culm, terminal; spike bracts absent.] |
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Lower pistillate scales not bract-like or
leaf-like but similar in size and shape to individual perigynia (up to
twice as long as perigynia in C. magellanica ssp. irrigua).
NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling green, leaf-like bracts much
longer and wider than individual perigynia.] |
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Perigynia glabrous (i.e. lacking
pubescence). NOT [Perigynia sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent
(in C. pedunculata pubescence represented by very short hairs
scattered near tip; in some species of Sect. Acrocystis,
perigynia may be glabrous or virtually hairless, but all members of this
group have convexly 3-sided to terete achenes with tight fitting
perigynia and a stipe-like base about equal to beak in length).] |
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Beak over 0.5 mm long and usually visibly
bidentate (teeth hyaline in C. sprengelii, inconspicuous in C.
viridula, very short in C. oligosperma). NOT [Beak
absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long, then
terminating in an orifice without teeth.] |
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Style continuous with achene and
persisting at maturity as a long, curved or straight prong. NOT [Style
jointed at base and deciduous from achene, if present at maturity,
breaks of readily when manipulated.] |
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Perigynia shorter and usually wider,
usually at most only 4 times longer than wide; staminate spikes much
longer than individual perigynia; mostly common species. NOT [Perigynia
long and narrow, (8.7) 10-12.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, about 6 times
longer than wide with long tapering tip; staminate spike about same
size, or smaller than, perigynia adjacent to it; rare northern species.] |
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Perigynia 20-200 per spike; leaves wider,
not wiry; pistillate spikes 2-6, mostly separate to overlapping. NOT
[Perigynia 5-15 per spike; leaves 0.5-2.5 mm wide, involute, wiry;
pistillate spikes few (1-2), remote (or upper overlapping with staminate
spike).] |
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Lower pistillate spikes short-stalked or
sessile, erect to ascending; lower part of pistillate scales more
substantial, usually wider than 1 mm with awn shorter than lower part
although those at base of spike can be narrower and long awned. NOT
[Pistillate spikes on filiform stalks, erect or often nodding; lower
part of pistillate scales throughout spike not much more than hyaline
wings along bottom of long awn and no wider than 1 mm.] |
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Style base contorted in an S shape;
perigynia 6-15 nerved; ventral strip membranous, not disintegrating into
laddered fibers with age. NOT [Style base straight or somewhat
bent; perigynia 12-26 nerved; ventral strip disintegrating into laddered
fibers with age.] |
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Lower spike bract less than 2.5 times as
long as entire inflorescence; perigynia ascending to spreading at
maturity; staminate spikes usually 2 or more, extending well beyond
separate-to-overlapping pistillate spikes. NOT [Lowest spike bract
more than 2.5 times longer than entire inflorescence; perigynia
spreading to reflexed at maturity; staminate spikes usually 1, extending
only several cm beyond overlapping pistillate spikes clustered at culm
tip.] |
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Leaves 4.5-12 (15) mm wide, flat or
folded, lacking papillae on adaxial (facing culm) surface; culms
scabrous immediately below inflorescence. NOT [Leaves 1.5-4.5
(7.5) mm wide, usually rolled inward, whitish green on adaxial (facing
culm) surface due to a dense covering of minute papillae; culms smooth
immediately below inflorescence.] |