|  | Stigmas 3;
        achenes three-sided, occasionally terete, though their shape may be
        concealed by flattened perigynia.  NOT [stigmas 2; achenes
        lenticular] | 
      |  | Spikes 2
        or more per culm, terminal and lateral; spike bracts present on lateral
        spikes (except in Section Phyllostachyae), lowest bract usually evident,
        often conspicuous.  NOT [Spikes 1 per culm, terminal; spike bracts
        absent]. | 
      |  | Lower
        pistillate scales not bract-like or leaf-like but similar in size and
        shape to individual perigynia (up to twice as long as perigynia in C.
        magellanica ssp. irrigua).  NOT [Lower pistillate scales resembling
        green, leaf-like bracts much longer and wider than individual perigynia] | 
      |  | Perigynia
        glabrous. NOT [Perigynia sparsely to densely pubescent or puberulent (in
        C. pedunculata pubescence represented by very short hairs scattered near
        tip; in some species of Sect. Acrocystis, perigynia may be glabrous or
        virtually hairless, but all members of this group have convexly 3-sided
        to terete achenes with tight fitting perigynia and a stipe-like base
        about equal to beak in length)] | 
      |  | Beak over
        0.5 mm long and usually visibly bidentate (teeth hyaline in C.
        sprengelii, inconspicuous in C. viridula, very short in C. oligosperma). 
        NOT [Beak absent or less than 0.5 mm long; if more than 0.5 mm long,
        then terminating in an orifice without teeth] | 
      |  | Style
        jointed at base and deciduous from achene, if present at maturity,
        breaks off readily when manipulated. NOT [Style continuous with achene
        and persisting at maturity as a long, curved or straight prong] | 
      |  | All
        pistillate spikes sessile or nearly so; base of plant lacking brown
        fibers.  Section Ceratocystis (C. cryptolepis, C. viridula) NOT
        [Lower pistillate spikes with filiform stalks 2-7+ cm long; basal
        sheaths shredding to a mass of brown fibers persisting on crown.] | 
      |  | Perigynia
        1.8-3.5 (3.9) mm long; beak about one-quarter the length of perigynium,
        faintly bidentate; most perigynia spreading to ascending, a few at base
        of spike reflexed.  NOT [Perigynia 3.5-4.8 mm long; beak about
        one-half the length of perigynium, finely but visibly bidentate; most
        perigynia spreading to reflexed, a few at top of spike ascending.]
           |