Montanum: Answers to key questions in Lilies, Irises & Orchids of Saskatchewan by Vernon L. Harms and Anna L. Leighton leading to this species. The answers are in the order you would normally work through the key.

	Lateral sepals united for nearly their full length (may be separate to near the base in C. passerinum); lip obovoid to +/- spherical, sac-like, the tip rounded, not cone-like or projecting downwards; NOT [Lateral sepals separate, somewhat spreading; lip irregularly triangular in side view with a cone-like, downward-projecting tip]
	Leaves 3 or more (occasionally 2 in C. parviflorum), cauline, alternate; lip less bag-like and pendulous, with a rounded opening (orifice) and no longitudinal fissure; yellow or white with various markings (variegated white and pink in C. reginae); NOT [Leaves 2, basal; flowering stem leafless; lip bag-like and pendulous, with a longitudinal fissure extending the length of the pouch, rose-colored with conspicuous darker reddish-purple vein-markings or blotches (or rarely white)]
	Lateral petals usually +/- strongly twisted, distinctly longer than lip, linear-lanceolate, with tips acute or acuminate, often long-attenuate; plants with varying amounts of pubescence, +/- glandular; NOT [Lateral petals flat, not twisted, about equal to or shorter than lip, elliptic to ovate (or obovate), blunt-tipped to broadly acute; plants densely hairy, glandular or not]
	Lip white, often purple-veined or spotted externally or internally; staminode oblong-lanceolate to narrowly ovate; NOT [Lip yellow, with or without purple spots near the orifice; staminode triangular, usually lobed or auriculate at base]
	Lip white, with or without purple veins; sepals and lateral petals brownish to purplish, over 3 cm long; plants usually copiously glandular-pubescent, 25 cm or higher; NOT [Lip waxy white, smooth and shining externally, purple-veined within at base; sepals and lateral petals greenish-yellow, commonly less than 3 cm long; plants sparingly glandular-puberulent throughout, mostly less than 25 cm high but may be up to 40 cm]

Cypripedium: Answers to key questions in Lilies, Irises & Orchids of Saskatchewan by Vernon L. Harms and Anna L. Leighton leading to this genus. The answers are in the order you would normally work through the key. 

	Plants green, with at least some green leaf-blades, these sometimes early withering or late developing; flowering stems green (pale pink to purplish-red in Calypso bulbosa), bearing sheathing bracts in some species; rootstocks not coral-like; capsules spreading to erect (occasionally drooping when old); NOT [Plants non-green saprophytes lacking leaf-blades; flowering stems yellowish to purplish-red or brown (pale greenish-yellow in C. trifid), bearing sheathing bracts; rhizomes rootless, coral-like in their branching; capsules drooping]
	Flowers 1 to 2 per stalk (occasionally more in Cypripedium reginae and C. montanum), large, showy; lip 1 cm long or longer, either inflated or broad and flat; NOT [Flowers 3 or more in a spike-like inflorescence, small, often inconspicuous; lip usually less than 1 cm long, but if longer, neither inflated nor broad and flat]
	Lip inflated, a slipper-like or sac-like pouch; flower subtended by a single, large, usually leaf-shaped floral bract; leaves usually 2 or more, present at flowering-time, (in Calypso bulbosa the broad, basal leaf that is produced the previous fall, may or may not be present at flowering time); NOT [Lip broad and flat, not inflated; flower subtended by a pair of minute, scale-like floral bracts; leaf single, emerging during or after flowering from upper sheathing bract on stem, linear, grass-like, 2-4 mm wide, folded lengthwise]
	Leaves 2 or more, cauline or basal, lacking stalk-like bases, often folded lengthwise; lip an inflated, nearly closed, sac-like pouch, lacking an apron-like lamina; petal-like staminode present above stigma; stems arising from rhizomes with slender roots; NOT [Leaf, when present, single, basal, narrowed to a stalk-like base, not folded lengthwise; lip slipper-like with a large opening and a broad "toe" covered with a whitish, apron-like lamina; staminode absent; stems arising from bulbous corms]

Orchidaceae: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora leading to this family. 

	plants NOT aquatic
	flowers irregular; NOT [flowers regular]
	perianth present, conspicuous, in two series of 3 segments, often brightly colored; NOT [perianth absent or inconspicuous]
	perianth usually large, consisting of sepals and petals usually alike, variously colored; NOT [perianth small, consisting of 3 green sepals and 3 whitish petals]
	petals NOT deciduous
	stamens 1 or 2; NOT [stamens 3 or 6]