|  | herbs; NOT [shrubs or trees] | 
      |  | plants green or with some chlorophyll;
        NOT [plants parasitic or saprophytic, without chlorophyll] | 
      |  | plants without milky juice | 
      |  | not climbing plants with tendrils | 
      |  | leaves opposite; NOT [leaves basal or
        alternate] | 
      |  | leaves with stipules, sometimes appearing
        whorled; NOT [leaves without stipules] | 
      |  | flowers not in heads or spikes; NOT
        [flowers in long or short spikes], NOT [flowers in heads or in form
        resembling a head] | 
      |  | flowers with two floral rings | 
      |  | petals wholly or partly united forming a
        tube or bell | 
      |  | stamens 4 or 5; NOT [stamens 3] | 
      |  | ovary inferior; NOT [ovary superior] |