Melampyrum lineare
 
Cow-Wheat

Middle Leaf Bottom

Narrow Hills Provincial Park
13-August-2009

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The key to the genera in Budd's Flora requires the following contradictory or incorrect answers for Melampyrum.  My comments are in red. 
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flowers solitary in the upper leaf axils; NOT [flowers in terminal panicle-like cyme] Contradicts next answer.  Flowers are either solitary in upper leaf axils or in a terminal, leafy spike.

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flowers NOT solitary Contradicts previous answer.  Flowers are either solitary in upper leaf axils or in a terminal, leafy spike.

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flowers blue Flowers are whitish to purplish with a yellowish lower lip.

 

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Melampyrum: The remaining answers to key questions from Budd's Flora, and those from Flora of Alberta, that lead to this genus are as follows.
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stems leafy; NOT [leaves in a basal rosette, stem leafless]

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leaves opposite; NOT [leaves alternate, whorled, or basal]

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leaves with stalks; NOT [upper leaves stalkless]

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leaves 10-40 mm long; NOT [leaves 2-10 mm long]

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leaves linear to lanceolate; NOT [leaves ovate]

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leaves simple, neither lobed nor cleft; NOT [leaves lobed or cleft]

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leaves more or less entire, barely toothed; NOT [leaves sharply and coarsely toothed]

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floral leaves or bracts usually green; NOT [floral leaves or bracts brightly colored, usually red or yellow, or shades of these colors]

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flowers less than 10 mm long; NOT [flowers large and showy, 10-35 mm long]

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calyx much shorter than 1 cm long in flower

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calyx 4-lobed; NOT [calyx 5-lobed]

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calyx not membranous and not much inflated in fruit; NOT [calyx becoming enlarged, membranous, veiny, and inflated in fruit]

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corolla NOT spurred at the base

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four anther-bearing stamens and no sterile stamens

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corolla white to yellow; NOT [corolla pinkish purple]

 

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Scrophulariaceae: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora  leading to this family. 
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herbs; NOT [shrubs or trees]

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plants green or with some chlorophyll; NOT [plants parasitic or saprophytic, without chlorophyll]

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plants NOT aquatic

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leaves NOT bearing bladders

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stems NOT square

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flowers with two floral rings, but with the petals wholly or partly united forming a tube or bell

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flowers irregular

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flowers brightly colored; NOT [flowers inconspicuous]

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corolla irregular; NOT [corolla regular]

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ovary superior; NOT [ovary inferior]

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fruit a many-seeded capsule; NOT [fruit with 4 nutlets]