Americana: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora and Flora of Alberta leading to this species. 

	plants of moist habitats; NOT [plants of dry habitats]
	perennials; NOT [annuals]
	stems essentially glabrous; NOT [stems hirsute, with 2 opposite rows of curled white hair]
	leaves all with short stalks; NOT [leaves of flowering shoots without stalks]
	leaves ovate to oblong; NOT [leaves linear to lanceolate]
	flowers in axillary racemes; NOT [flowers in terminal racemes], NOT [flowers solitary in the leaf-axils]
	calyx 4-lobed; NOT [calyx 5-lobed, with the upper 2 long and the lower 3 short]

Veronica: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora  and Flora of Alberta leading to this genus. 

	leaves NOT all basal
	cauline leaves opposite; NOT [cauline leaves alternate]
	sepal lobes 4; NOT [sepal lobes 5]
	petals present; NOT [petals absent]
	corolla rotate; NOT [corolla short-tubular]
	corolla NOT spurred at the base
	petal lobes 4; NOT [petal lobes 5]
	two anther-bearing stamens and no sterile stamen
	stamens NOT protruding

Scrophulariaceae: Answers to key questions in Budd's Flora  leading to this family. Not all the answers apply to all members of this family, but all do apply to this species.

	herbs; NOT [shrubs or trees]
	plants green or with some chlorophyll; NOT [plants parasitic or saprophytic, without chlorophyll]
	stems NOT square
	leaves NOT bearing bladders
	flowers NOT in heads or spikes; NOT [flowers in long or short spikes], NOT [flowers in heads or in form resembling a head]
	corolla irregular; NOT [corolla regular]
	ovary superior; NOT [ovary inferior]
	fruit a many-seeded capsule; NOT [fruit with 4 nutlets]