Pedatifida Characteristics plants stemless, leaves and peduncles arising directly from the caudex leaves 2-3 ternately (and deeply) divided into linear or lanceolate lobes

 

Viola Characteristics leaves simple, basal or alternate, bearing stipules two kinds of flowers: Spring Flowers showy  cross-fertilizing perfect irregular in shape 5 persistent sepals, auricled at the base 5 petals lowest petal prolonged into a spur, sometimes bearded at the throat the 2 lateral petals frequently bearded at the base 5 stamens, filaments extending beyond the anthers 1 pistil, style extending beyond the stamens Summer Flowers remaining closed self-fertilizing (cleistogamous)

 

Violaceae Characteristics terrestrial herbs plants not with coloured milky juice plants with more than one leaf, some or all of which are alternate leaves with stipules calyx regular corolla irregular, 5 separate petals, with one petal spurred or sac-like 5 stamens alternating with petals stamens usually separate or at least partly so, not united in a column one compound ovary, superior and 1-loculed fruit a 3-valved capsule