Viola rugulosa

Western Canada Violet

Confluence of Esterhazy  Creek and Qu'Appelle River
11-June-1999

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Rugulosa Characteristics
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native perennial

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plants with elongate, leafy stems

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stipules bract-like (not leaf-like), entire, much smaller than leaf blades

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flowers axillary

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petals white to violet, with a yellow base

 
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Viola Characteristics
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leaves simple, basal or alternate, bearing stipules

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two kinds of flowers:

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Spring Flowers
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showy 

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cross-fertilizing

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perfect

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irregular in shape

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5 persistent sepals, auricled at the base

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5 petals

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lowest petal prolonged into a spur, sometimes bearded at the throat

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the 2 lateral petals frequently bearded at the base

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5 stamens, filaments extending beyond the anthers

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1 pistil, style extending beyond the stamens

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Summer Flowers
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remaining closed

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self-fertilizing (cleistogamous)

 
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Violaceae Characteristics
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terrestrial herbs

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plants not with coloured milky juice

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plants with more than one leaf, some or all of which are alternate

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leaves with stipules

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calyx regular

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corolla irregular, 5 separate petals, with one petal spurred or sac-like

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5 stamens alternating with petals

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stamens usually separate or at least partly so, not united in a column

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one compound ovary, superior and 1-loculed

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fruit a 3-valved capsule